MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE: Midterm Date Feb. 6th

This exam will have two parts:

Part A (50%) is objective. There will be 27 multiple choice questions. You will answer 25 of them. Here’s an example of a question used on a previous exam:

The 19th Amendment added suffrage to the Constitution. What year was that amendment passed?

           A.    1900

           B.    1919

           C.   1940

           D.   2010

Part B is an essay(50%): There will be two essay questions on the exam. You will write on one. 

1.    Reconstruction: How difficult was it for the U.S. to reconstruct the nation after the Civil War? Was it mostly a period of growth or of missed opportunities?

2.    Progressivism: Which progressive movement had the most profound impact on the nation?

3.    The 1920s: Is the decade of the 1920s better characterized as a period of decay or growth?

HOW TO SUCCEED ON THIS TEST:

Ø  Make outlines. Make sure that your outlines have way too much detail, way more than any normal human could ever remember. Remember, you cannot bring these to the exam, but you can MEMORIZE what is on them and use the detail on the exam. Do not, I repeat, do not simply "look over" your notes. That is a recipe for failure;

Ø  Study the outlines you make. Try to write them word for word without looking at the original. Fill in the gaps where you did not recall something. Do it again. Walk around your study area speaking the outline, looking down only when you need to for a quick reminder of the detail. Speak it again. Write it again…and most of all, have fun;

Ø  Fill in the gaps in your notes and add detail where you lack it. To do this, use a textbook or an online source. In addition, look at the outlines on the blog and be sure you are familiar with the terms on those outlines;

Ø  Come to my office to ask questions, to show me outlines, or just to chat;

Ø  Follow Napoleon’s advice: “In planning a campaign I purposely exaggerate all the dangers and all the calamities that the circumstances make possible.” In essence, overprepare!

Prohibition and the 1920s

I. Prohibition Law:

                  A. 18^th Amendment

(prohibiting manufacture, sale, transport)

                  B. Volstead Act

(making the 18^th a “bone dry” amendment)

                  C. "Five and Ten Law"

(1929, 5 year, $10,000 penalty)

III. Prohibition Failure:

Why Not More of a Success?

A. Minimal Enforcement:

B. Unrealistic Expectations:

C. Corruption:

D. Policy without Authority:

III. Repeal:

21^st Amendment (Dec. 5, 1933)

         B. The Constitution and Federal Intervention

IV. Progress and Decline in the 1920s:

20s as Decade of Cultural/Economic Flowering:

Consumerism:

                  Edward Bernays=father of modern pr

 Movies:

Warner Bros. Pictures inc. in 1923

MGM formed in 1924

Fox Film Corporation founded in 1912

         (became 20^th Century Fox in 1935)

United Artists, formed in 1919

(by stars Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, Sr., Charlie Chaplin, and director D.W. Griffith)

Rudolph Valentino and Agnes Ayres

The Sheik, 1921

 Harlem Renaissance

Based on the following two poems, what are some key themes of the Harlem Renaissance?

If We Must Die, Claude McKay

If we must die, let it not be like hogs
Hunted and penned in an inglorious spot,
While round us bark the mad and hungry dogs,
Making their mock at our accursèd lot.
If we must die, O let us nobly die,
So that our precious blood may not be shed
In vain; then even the monsters we defy
Shall be constrained to honor us though dead!
O kinsmen! we must meet the common foe!
Though far outnumbered let us show us brave,
And for their thousand blows deal one death-blow!
What though before us lies the open grave?
Like men we'll face the murderous, cowardly pack,
Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back!

I, Too, Sing America, Langston Hughes

I, too, sing America.

I am the darker brother.

They send me to eat in the kitchen

When company comes,

But I laugh,

And eat well,

And grow strong.

Tomorrow,

I'll be at the table

When company comes.

Nobody'll dare

Say to me,

"Eat in the kitchen,"

Then.

Besides,

They'll see how beautiful I am

And be ashamed—

I, too, am America.

“Lost Generation”

The “New Woman”

  1920s as a Decade of Ignorance,

Cultural Decay

Influenza

--killed 25 million worldwide

(700,000 in U.S.)

Historian Alfred Crosby:

The virus “killed more humans than any other disease in a period of similar duration in the history of the world.”

“I  had  a  little  bird, I  had  a  little  bird,

Its  name  was  Enza.   Its  name  was  Enza.

I  opened  up  the  window, I  opened  up  the  window, And  in flu enza, In flu enza.” 

Children’s jump rope rhyme

World Economic Chaos:

England=industrial problems: General Strike of 1926

         --2 million unemployed by 1930

         --3 million unemp. in 1933

Depression

         One billion per year in reparations

Hyperinflation in Germany:

                 

1 dollar=9000 marks (Jan. of 1923)

1 dollar=4.2 trillion marks

(Nov. of 1923)

                 

--one loaf of bread=580 billion marks

Urban Racial Unrest: Chicago, 1919

…48 recorded lynchings in 1917

…78 recorded lynchings in 1919

Nativism:

National Origins Act of 1924

Sacco and Vanzetti

The KKK

Scopes Monkey Trial

VII. Significance:

SUFFRAGE

 “Suffering for the Vote”

I. Introduction:

         Why be against Woman Suffrage?

II. Suffering for the Vote

A. The Seneca Falls Convention

B. Women’s Christian Temperance Union

C. National American Woman Suffrage Assoc.

                  (Carrie Catt and Florence Kelley)

D. The Great War and the Vote

E. The National Women’s Party

                           (Alice Paul)

F. Impact of The Nineteenth Amendment

                           1. Sheppard-Towner

                           2. Birth Control

III. Conclusion/Significance:

HOW TO READ DOWN AND OUT IN THE GREAT DEPRESSION...due Feb. 13

Read the entirety of the Introduction.

Read at least three letters from each of the other chapters.

Keep track of which letters you read. Write the chapter numbers down, so that by the time you have finished the whole book you have something that  might possibly look like this:

Chapter 1:     3, 4, 6

Chapter 2:     12, 13, 17

…etc…

Turn in the paper with the list of chapters you read.

That will be due on February 13th.

INTERVIEW REMINDER

REMEMBER, YOU HAVE AN INTERVIEW DUE ON TUESDAY AT THE START OF CLASS.

The full guidelines are in another post below, but here is a reminder:

Find someone who is at least 50 years old and an immigrant to this country. The older, the better. Do not interview a spouse or yourself. You may interview a parent or grandparent.

Remember also that you are not adding your own commentary or paraphrase. Simply capture what you ask and what the respondent says.

PROGRESSIVISM OUTLINE

ARE THESE 2 QUOTES CONTRADICTORY?

Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore, Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed, to me: I lift my lamp beside the golden door.

Emma Lazarus, "The New Colossus"

There is no room in this country for hyphenated Americanism...The one absolutely certain way of bringing the nation to ruin, of preventing all possibility of its continuing to be a nation at all, would be to permit it to become a tangle of squabbling nationalities.          

Theodore Roosevelt, 1915

The Progressive Era:

I.               Origins

A. Populism:

Farmers' Alliance

Omaha Platform:

--inflationary currency policy

--graduated income tax

--direct government ownership of railroad and telegraph industries

--redistribution of railroad owned lands

B. Hull House—1889

      Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr

II.             A New Mindset:

Progressivism Defined:

Progressivism was a series of movements designed to combat the ills of industrialism. Some progressives also wanted to control the behavior of the working classes.

Stanley Schultz, Univ. of Wisconsin:

·       Government should be more active

·       Social problems are susceptible to government legislation and action

·       Throw money at the problem

·       The world is “perfectible”

III.           Progressive Movements:

A.    Anti-Trust

Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890

“Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, is declared to be illegal.”

B.    Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives

To help prepare you to deal effectively with this book for the midterm, find as many specific examples (page numbers) as you can.

Let’s start with the pictures. Which photograph was most compelling?

According to Riis, what is the cause of crime?

How does Riis deal with race? What impact does race have on poverty in this book?

Based on your reading, define poverty.

What is the role of government in the slums?

According to Riis, what should be the role of government in the slums?

C.     Anti-Lynching (Ida B. Wells-Barnett)

D.    Good Government Movement

--17^th Amendment=direct election of senators

--referendums and recalls

E.     Consumer Protection: The Jungle

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

IV.           Progressivism in Practice:

Immigration:

Newspaper in 1900: "It is well known that nearly every foreigner…goes armed. Some carry revolvers, while many others hide huge ugly knives upon their person."

Senator William Bruce (Maryland):

Immigrants are “indigestible lumps in

the national stomach.”

      1890-1900: 3.5 million

      1900-1910: 7 million

                  Ellis Island:

“Such an impulse toward better things there certainly is. The German rag-picker of thirty years ago, quite as low in the scale as his Italian successor, is the thrifty tradesman or prosperous farmer of to-day. The Italian scavenger of our time is fast graduating into exclusive control of the corner fruit-stands, while his black-eyed boy monopolizes the boot-blacking industry in which a few years ago he was an intruder.” 

Jacob Riis on social fluidity

TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE OF 1911

A. The ILGWU Strike:

                  B. Fire on the Factory Floor

                  C. Reporters and the Visibility of Triangle

                              1. "Love Affair in Mid-Air"

                              2. Mortillalo and Zito

D. The Public Response

V.             Progressivism Abroad:

A. Foreign Policy Community

                  --T.R., Henry Cabot Lodge

                  --“large policy”

      B. Capitalism

      C. "Yellow" Journalism

                  Pulitzer: New York World

Hearst: New York Journal

Rudyard Kipling, “White Man’s Burden” (1899)

     

Take up the White Man's burden--
Send forth the best ye breed--
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
To wait in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild--
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.

Take up the White Man's burden--
In patience to abide,
To veil the threat of terror
And check the show of pride;
By open speech and simple,
An hundred times made plain
To seek another's profit,
And work another's gain.

Take up the White Man's burden--
The savage wars of peace--
Fill full the mouth of Famine
And bid the sickness cease;
And when your goal is nearest
The end for others sought,
Watch sloth and heathen Folly
Bring all your hopes to nought.

Take up the White Man's burden--
Ye dare not stoop to less--
Nor call too loud on Freedom
To cloke your weariness;
By all ye cry or whisper,
By all ye leave or do,
The silent, sullen peoples
Shall weigh your gods and you.

Take up the White Man's burden--
Have done with childish days--
The lightly proffered laurel,
The easy, ungrudged praise.
Comes now, to search your manhood
Through all the thankless years
Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom,
The judgment of your peers!

VI.           More Progressivism in Practice: