RECONSTRUCTION OUTLINE

At the end of a war,

…what must be reconstructed?

…what are the biggest obstacles to repairing a broken Union?

Political Reconstruction

     A. PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION

              1. Lincoln

              2. Johnson

     B. CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION

              1. RADICALS IN CONGRESS

Thaddeus Stevens & Charles Sumner

“The foundations of their institutions

must be broken up and re-laid, or all our blood and treasure will have been spent in vain.” (Stevens)

                                         Frederick Douglass (1865):

"Slavery is not abolished until the black man has the ballot."

              2. MODERATES IN CONGRESS

Wade-Davis Bill (ironclad oath)

 --passed Congress at end of 1864:

--sent to the President.

What are his options?

              3. Freedmen's Bureau

     C. JOHNSON'S “RESTORATION”

              --Black Codes

     D. RADICALS STRIKE BACK

              1. First Civil Rights Bill

              2. First Reconstruction Acts

              3. 14th Amendment

              4. Tenure of Office Act

              5. Fifteenth Amendment

     E.      The Compromise of 1877

                       1. Hayes versus Tilden

2. The “End” of Reconstruction

The Souls of Black Folk (1901) W.E.B. DuBois:

"For this much all men know: despite compromise, war, and struggle, the Negro is not free. In the backwoods...he may not leave the plantation of his birth...in the whole rural South the black farmers are...bound by law and custom to an economic slavery, from which the only escape is death or the penitentiary. In the most cultured sections and cities of the South the Negroes are a segregated and servile caste, with restricted rights and privileges. Before the courts, both in law and custom, they stand on a different and peculiar basis...The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line."